学习英语当然不能只靠课本，想要学好一门外语，你需要有沉浸式的语言环境。

这并不是说你一定得搬到国外去，或者和老外住在一起;读原版书籍同样是一个不错的办法，而这其中最好用、最靠谱的当然就是经典名著了。

那么，欧美各国最著名的一本经典名著分别是什么?你都知道吗?

英语区 English-Speaking Zone

01

UK: Pride & Prejudice

英国：傲慢与偏见

作者：Jane Austin(简·奥斯汀)

Pride and Prejudice is kind of a literary Rosetta Stone, the inspiration, basis, and model for so many modern novels. You’re probably more familiar with its plot and characters than you think. For a book written in the early 19th century, it’s modernity is surprising only until you realize that this is the novel that in many ways defined what a modern novel is.

《傲慢与偏见》可以说是文学界的一块罗塞塔石碑，同时也是许多现代小说的模板，所以你对其中的情节和人物可能比你自己想象中要熟悉。作为一本写于19世纪的书，它的现代性是非常惊人的，而你稍作了解之后就会知道，这是因为现代小说在很大程度上就是被这本书定义的。

02

Ireland: Ulysses

爱尔兰：尤利西斯

作者：James Joyce(詹姆斯·乔伊斯)

Ulysses did “stream of consciousness” before the term existed, and it’s also a sprawling novel dense with allusions, wordplay, obscure jokes, and intensely, opaquely personal ruminations by the characters.

《尤利西斯》在“意识流”这个概念出现之前就开始使用它了。同时，它也是一本相当错综复杂的小说，充满了隐喻、文字游戏、隐晦的玩笑、以及角色们欲说还休的个人沉思。

03

US: The Adventures of Tom Sawyer

美国：汤姆索亚历险记

作者：Mark Twain(马克·吐温)

A third person narrator describes the experiences of the boys, interspersed with occasional social commentary. In its sequel, Mark Twain changes to a first person narrative which takes moral conflicts more personally and thus makes greater social criticism possible.

这本书用第三人称的视角讲述了一群男孩的经历，中间偶尔穿插着社会评论。而在它的续作中，马克吐温换成了第一人称的叙述方式，这让那些道德冲突体现得更切身，也让更高层次的社会批判成为了可能。

04

Canada: The Blind Assassin

加拿大：盲眼刺客

作者：Margaret Atwood

(玛格丽特·阿特伍德)

The novel's protagonist, Iris Chase, and her sister Laura, grow up well-off but motherless in a small town in Southern Ontario. As an old woman, Iris recalls the events and relationships of her childhood, youth and middle age, including her unhappy marriage. The book includes a novel within a novel, a roman à clef attributed to Laura but published by Iris.

小说的主角艾瑞斯·蔡司，以及她的妹妹劳拉，在安大略南部的一个富裕家庭长大，但是并没有母亲。如今已经年迈的艾瑞斯，回忆了她以前的经历：她的感情、她的童年时光、青春时光、中年时光以及她那不幸福的婚姻。这本小说还描写了一本小说中的小说，是一本劳拉写的纪实小说，但却是由艾瑞斯出版的。

05

Australia: Cloudstreet

澳大利亚：云街

作者：Tim Winton(蒂姆·温顿)

Cloudstreet is a 1991 novel by multi-award winning Australian writer Tim Winton. It chronicles the lives of two working class Australian families who come to live together in a large house called Cloudstreet. Winton's novel is a celebration of community and how people search for connection within family, with the past and the environment within which they live.

《云街》是获奖众多的澳大利亚作家蒂姆·温顿在1991年出版的一本小说。它按照时间的顺序讲述了另个澳大利亚工薪阶层家庭的故事，他们搬进了同一栋大房子，这个房子就叫“云街”。温顿的这本小说是在赞颂社区精神，也讲述了人们如何在家庭、过去以及环境之中寻求与其他人的联系。

法语区 French-Speaking Zone

01

France: The Three Musketeers

法国：三个火枪手

作者：Alexandre Dumas(大仲马)

The Three Musketeers is primarily a historical and adventure novel. However, Dumas also frequently works into the plot various injustices, abuses, and absurdities of the old regime, giving the novel an additional political aspect at a time when the debate in France between republicans and monarchists was still fierce.

《三个火枪手》基本上是一本历史冒险小说。不过，大仲马也频繁地在其中描写旧政权的不公、暴行与荒唐;当时的法国正在激烈地争论共和制与君主制孰是孰非，这使得这本小说在彼时有着一层政治色彩。

德语区 German-Speaking Zone

01

Germany: Faust

德国：浮士德

作者：Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

(歌德)

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's Faust is a tragic play in two parts. Although rarely staged in its entirety, it is the play with the largest audience numbers on German-language stages. Faust is considered by many to be Goethe's magnum opus and the greatest work of German literature.

约翰·沃尔夫冈·冯·歌德的《浮士德》是一部悲剧，它分为上下两部。虽然它很少在舞台上被完整地呈现出来，但它确实德语界舞台上观众最多的一部剧。很多人都认为《浮士德》是歌德的代表作，同时也是德语文学中最伟大的作品。

02

Switzerland: Heidi

瑞士：海蒂

作者：Johanna Spyri(乔安娜·斯比瑞)

Heidi is a work of children's fiction published in 1881 by Swiss author Johanna Spyri. It is a novel about the events in the life of a young girl in her grandfather's care in the Swiss Alps. Heidi is one of the best-selling books ever written and is among the best-known works of Swiss literature.

《海蒂》是瑞士作家乔安娜·斯比瑞发表于1881年的一本儿童小说。这本书讲的是一个小女孩在她祖父照料下的生活，它发生在阿尔卑斯山的瑞士一侧。《海蒂》是有史以来最畅销的书之一，也是瑞士文学中最广为人知的作品。

03

Austria: Radetzky March

奥地利：拉德兹基进行曲

作者：Joseph Roth(约瑟夫·罗特)

Radetzky March is a 1932 novel by Joseph Roth chronicling the decline and fall of the Austro-Hungarian Empire via the story of the Trotta family.

《拉德兹基进行曲》是约瑟夫·罗特在1932年写的一本小说，它特罗塔家族的故事出发，按时间顺序记叙了奥匈帝国的衰落与败亡。

西班牙语区 Spanish-Speaking Zone

01

Spain: Don Qixote

西班牙：堂吉诃德

作者：Miguel de Cervantes(塞万提斯)

The story follows the adventures of a noble who reads so many chivalric romances that he loses his sanity and decides to set out to revive chivalry, undo wrongs, and bring justice to the world.

这本书讲的是一个贵族的冒险故事，他读了太多骑士小说，结果失去理智了，于是决定启程去复兴骑士精神、惩恶扬善、为世界带来正义。

葡萄牙语区 Portuguese-Speaking Zone

01

Portugal: Blindness

葡萄牙：失明症漫记

作者：José Saramago(何塞·萨拉马戈)

Blindness is a novel by Portuguese author José Saramago. It is one of his most famous novels. In 1998, Saramago received the Nobel Prize for Literature, and Blindness was one of his works noted by the committee when announcing the award.

《失明症漫记》是葡萄牙作家何塞·萨拉马戈的作品。这是他最出名的小说之一。1998年，萨拉马戈荣获诺贝尔文学奖，而《失明症漫记》正式评委会在颁奖时提及的著作之一。

意大利语区 Italian-Speaking Zone

01

Italy: The Name of the Rose

意大利：玫瑰之名

作者：Umberto Eco(安伯托·艾柯)

This novel is a historical murder mystery set in an Italian monastery, in the year 1327, an intellectual mystery combining semiotics in fiction, biblical analysis, medieval studies and literary theory.

这本小说讲的，是发生在意大利一个修道院里的历史谋杀迷案，时间是1327年。这本小说在一个智力谜团里融入了符号学、圣经分析、中世纪研究以及文学理论。

俄语区 Russian-Speaking Zone

01

Russia: War and Peace

俄罗斯：战争与和平

作者：Leo Tolstoy(列夫·托尔斯泰)

This novel of Leo Tolstoy chronicles the history of the French invasion of Russia and the impact of the Napoleonic era on Tsarist society through the stories of five Russian aristocratic families.

这本列夫·托尔斯泰的小说按时间顺序纪录了法国对俄国的侵略史，也写了拿破仑时代对沙俄社会的影响，这一切都穿插在5个俄国贵族家庭的故事中。

02

Belarus: Voices from Chernobyl

白俄罗斯：切尔诺贝利的悲鸣

作者：Svetlana Alexievich

(斯维特拉娜·阿列克谢耶维奇)

Voices from Chernobyl is a book by Nobel Laureate Svetlana Alexievich. Alexievich was a journalist living in Minsk, the capital of Belarus, in 1986 at the time of the Chernobyl disaster. At the time Belarus was part of the Soviet Union.

《切尔诺贝利的悲鸣》是诺奖得主斯维特拉娜·阿列克谢耶维奇的作品。当1986年切尔诺贝利灾难爆发的时候，阿列克谢耶维奇正住在白俄罗斯的首都——明斯克。那时的白俄罗斯还是苏联的一部分。

当然，欧美并不只有这些国家，不过由于篇幅关系我们不能全都详细介绍。

其他国家的书都列在下方了：

Albania - Broken April (Albanian)

阿尔巴尼亚：《破碎的四月》(阿尔巴尼亚语)

Balgaria - Under the Yoke (Balgarian)

保加利亚：《枷锁之下》(保加利亚语)

Belgium - War and Turpentine (Dutch)

比利时：《战争与松脂》(荷兰语)

Bosnia - The Bridge on the Drina (Serbo-Croatian)

波斯尼亚：《德里纳河上的桥》(塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语)

Croatia - The Return of Philip Latinowicz (Croatian)

克罗地亚：《菲利普·拉图诺维茨的回归》(克罗地亚语)

Cyprus - Othello (English)

塞浦路斯：《奥赛罗》(英语)

Czech - I Served the King of England (Czech)

捷克：《我曾为英格兰国王服务过》(捷克语)

Denmark - Beowulf (old English)

丹麦：《贝奥武夫》(古英语)

Finland - Under the North Star (Finish)

芬兰：《北极星下》(芬兰语)

Greece - Zorba the Greek (Greek)

希腊：《希腊人佐巴》(希腊语)

Hungary - Fatelessness (Hungarian)

匈牙利：《无形的命运》(匈牙利语)

Iceland - The Sagas of Icelanders (Icelandic)

冰岛：《冰岛人的传奇》(冰岛语)

Kosovo - Travels in Blood and Honey: Becoming a Beekeeper in Kosovo (English)

科索沃：《血与蜜之旅：在科索沃成为一名养蜂人》(英语)

Montenegro - The Mountain Wreath (Serbian)

黑山：《山上花环》(塞尔维亚语)

Netherlands - The Diary of Anne Frank (Dutch)

荷兰：《安妮日记》(荷兰语)

New Zealand - The Matriarch (English)

新西兰：《女组长》(英语)

Norway - Hunger (Norwigan)

挪威：《饥饿》(挪威语)

Poland - Pan Tadeusz (Polish)

波兰：《塔杜斯先生》(波兰语)

Romania - Dracula (English)

罗马尼亚：《德古拉》(英语)

Serbia - Dictionary of the Khazars (Serbian)

塞尔维亚：《哈扎尔辞典》(塞尔维亚语)

Slovakia - Rivers of Babylon (English)

斯洛伐克：《巴比伦之河》(英语)

Slovenia - Alamut (Slovenian)

斯洛文尼亚：《阿拉穆图》(斯洛文尼亚语)

Sweden - The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (Swedish)

瑞典：《龙纹身的女孩》(瑞典语)

Ukraine - Shadows of Forgotten Ancestors (Ukrainian)

乌克兰：《被遗忘的祖先的阴影》(乌克兰语)